This meeting will review the current state of pain treatment including issues around opioid-based treatments. Discussions will focus on drug development from the preclinical to clinical stage and candidate treatments in the pipelines of leading pharmaceutical companies. There will also be a review of non-opioid targets for pain medications including the cannabinoid receptor 2 and other targets. The therapeutic efficacy of neurotoxins will also be addressed, including novel botulinum-based constructs.